Production of Sodium Borohydride (sodium tetrahydridoborate) Using Trimethyl Borate. Startup Business Ideas in Chemical Industry.
Sodium borohydride is an inorganic compound whose chemical formula is NaBH4. Under normal conditions, this compound exists as a white, powdery solid. NaBH4is a reducing agent which is widely used both industrially and on the laboratory scale. It can be noted that sodium borohydride is also known as sodium tetrahydroborate and sodium tetrahydridroborate.
Sodium borohydride is an effective and a selective specialty reducing agent used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Sodium borohydride is used for reduction of metal ions, carbonyls and peroxides as well as purification and removal of oxidation, odor and color of precursors in organic chemical products. Sodium borohydride is also used to control pollution and recycle noble metals. Sodium borohydride is a less expensive metal hydride and is an efficient and cost-effective reducing agent. Sodium borohydride finds wide area of applications in the synthesis of many intermediates used in manufacture of medicines and fine chemical products, pharmaceuticals, the recovery & preparation of catalysts, precious heavy metals & rare earth metals among others. Sodium borohydride is used as a reducing agent when reacting with ketone chlorine, aldehyde and ketone.
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Preparation
Sodium borohydride can be prepared on an industrial scale by treating trimethyl borate with sodium hydride at a temperature range of 250-27oC. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is given by:
4NaH + B (OCH3)3 → 3NaOCH3 + NaBH4
Alternately, this compound can also be prepared by reacting borax, metallic sodium, dihydrogen, and silicon dioxide at a temperature of 700oC. This reaction can be represented as follows:
Na2B4O7 + 8H2 + 16Na + 7SiO2 → 7Na2SiO3 + 4NaBH4
Uses
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is a versatile reducing agent used in a number of industrial processes. Major applications include organic and pharmaceutical synthesis, wastewater treatment, and paper pulp bleaching. Sodium borohydride plays such a significant role in organic synthesis. It is a good reducing agent which has stable performance and selective reduction. It can be used as the reducing agents of aldehydes, ketones and acid chlorides; also as foaming agent for plastic materials, hydrogenating agent of making dihydrostreptomycin, intermediate of making potassium borohydride, raw materials in synthesizing borane, as well as the treatment agent of paper industry and mercury-containing waste water.
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Sodium borohydride provides organic chemists a very convenient and mild means for reduction of aldehydes and ketones. Before this, people usually use metal/alcohol approach to reduce carbonyl compound. Sodium borohydrideenables the reduction of carbonyl of aldehydes and ketones under very mild conditions to produce primary alcohols and secondary alcohols. Reduction procedure is as below: First dissolve the substrate in a solvent (typically methanol or ethanol), then cool with an ice bath. Finally add sodium borohydride powder to the mixture until the reaction is completed. The reaction process can be monitored by thin layer chromatography. If the solvent is not an alcohol, we need to additionally supply methanol or ethanol along with the reaction. Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent with medium strength, and thus exhibiting good chemical selectivity. It only reduces active aldehyde and ketone carbonyl group, and does not react with the ester, amide.
Benefits
Reduce sulfur dioxide to produce sodium dithionite
Reduce aldehydes, ketones and acyl chloride to give the related alcohols
Store, release and reabsorb hydrogen under moderate conditions
Releases hydrogen in the presence of metal catalysts
Replace mercury (Hg) with h
Reduce Hg2+ to remove Hg in wastewater
Pretreatment process
Releases hydrogen to blow in material
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Market Outlook
Sodium borohydride is a hazardous chemical, the use of it may cause impact on health such as irritation on skin, eyes, and respiratory tract that needs to be taken care with which the market could grow effectively. This thing will hamper the market growth during the forecast period. High prices are also increasing worries for the market to grow efficiently. The global Sodium Borohydride market is valued at 536.3 million USD in 2020 is expected to reach 881.9 million USD by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of 7.3% during 2021-2026.
The market is witnessing significant growth owing to its raised usage as a bleaching agent in wood pulp and textilesindustry. Pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics, fine chemicals, and agrochemicals industries are the main end users. Moreover, pulp and paper industry is predicted to grow on the account of increasing demand from the packaging industry. Environmental sustainability of pulp-based packaging material for food products is another factor driving the market growth. Rising worldwide pulp consumption and growing textiles industry owing to changing consumer preference for natural fiber based textiles will also augment the industry growth. Scope for the product to be used as hydrogen storage agent by energy and automobile industry is mostly in the research phase and create multiple opportunities for growth for sodium borohydride market in the forecasted years.
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Pulp and paper industry will witness growth due to increased use of tissue and other paper based toiletries owing to increasing awareness about personal hygiene and cleanliness. The reduction in stationery applications in the digitally advanced countries is offset by other trending applications such as packaging, printing, household utensils, etc. Increased focus on healthcare has led to higher investments in medical research and development of antibiotics and cancer treatment which, in turn, will help the sodium borohydride market growth.
Increasing Use of Sodium Borohydride in Pharmaceutical Industry to Boost the Market
The market for sodium borohydride is increasing due to increasing demand from pharmaceutical industries, as they act as an important raw material used in making various pharmaceutical products.
Increasing efforts developments for antibiotics as a reason for growing awareness in the healthcare sector.
Additionally, the demand for innovative technology such as hydrogen on demand has significantly grown, thus making huge opportunities for sodium borohydride market in the coming years.
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Furthermore, expanding paper and pulp industry requiring sodium borohydride at a significant quality has contributed to increase the revenue in the market. Increasing demand for Electronic products and agrochemicals with organic chemical purification, textile, and metal recovery have contributed to grow the market. These are the driving factors that will boost the demand for sodium borohydride in the coming years.
Key Players
Examples of some of the key players identified across the value chain of the Global Sodium Borohydride market are: Zhangjiagang City Jinyuan Biochemical Co., Ltd, Jiangsu Huachang Group Co., Ltd, Shandong Guobang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, JSC Aviabor, Vertellus Holdings LLC, The Dow Chemical Company, Nantong Hongzhi Chemical Co., Ltd, Montgomery Chemicals, Kemira, Demosha Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Finar Ltd, Gulbrandsen Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Gulshan Chemicals Ltd,
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